Solar technology based in photovoltaic cells has become increasingly more popular as the years have rolled by. Photovoltaics were first used primarily in space dating back in the 1960s. As time went on you could easily find this technology in consumer items like solar calculators that often don't use any traditional batteries. Eventually panels and shingles came into the consumer marketplace to be used for private energy collection. To understand how the panels themselves work you need to understand photovoltaics. Here is the rundown of a basic system (there are other options to consider).
Background Deep cycle lead acid batteries are the simplest as well as the oldest battery. It was actually invented back in the 19th century and you will most commonly see it used under the hood of cars and trucks, making it the 'bestselling batteries.'
A solar panel consists of two layers, one that is negatively charged and the other just below it that is positively charged. The negative panel contains phosphorus and silicon which combined have room for four more electrons in their atoms, creating a negative charged plate with loose electrons. When photons of light from the sun hit the panel the photons they knock off the extra electrons which are drawn through conductive wires to the positive panel made of silicon and boron with atoms that have an extra space for the rogue electron. The electrons are forced to move a certain direction due to the electric field of the panels. This flow of electrons constitutes current which is directed to a device for use or into batteries for storage.
Chemistry The lead and lead-oxide plates alternate throughout the layers inside the battery. The plates sit in a bath of sulfuric acid. A current flows from the led oxide cathode (positive plate) to the lead anode (negative plate) meaning that the lead gives up electrons which the lead oxide accepts. The exchange effectively turns both plates into solid lead sulfate. One pair of plates makes up about 2 volts so to make 12 volt battery used in a motorcycle 6 pairs of plates sit next to each other inside the battery to make up the 12 volts.
Many solar panel systems will store the electricity generated in a chemical battery. These batteries are generally deep-cycle batteries which can generate a low current while sustaining of the life of a battery. Car batteries on the other hand are shallow-current which can discharge a large amount of energy but for a short time. The batteries used are either lead-acid batteries (sealed or vented) and nickel-cadium batteries. There are a variety of batteries you can use that differ primarily in the amount of energy they can store. However, more energy usually comes with a higher price tag.
Although true efficiency rating depends greatly on location, this panel has been rated with a 17 percent efficiency rating. One of the reasons it does so well is the technology has made it possible to maximize the output earned in weak lighting situations; making it possible to get more energy from less favorable conditions.
Between your solar panels and battery you have a charge controller which prevents the batteries from being overcharged or drained too much helping to extend the life of your battery. Once the batteries are fully charged the controller will not allow any current from your panels to enter the battery and conversely if your battery is drained to a certain level the controller will not allow any more energy to leave.
The battery that you would use if you had Helios 255 watt panels on your roof for a solar energy system would be high energy so you can store more energy and release it slowly with use. More specifically you would use a deep-cycle battery which is designed to be regularly discharge for 50-80 percent of its capacity without destroying the battery.
Between all of these different parts there is a good amount of wiring. Along with mounting hardware, grounding equipment, and other accessories you have a full solar system. After it is installed the system is very low maintenance and will provide electricity for twenty years or more. There are a variety of different solar panels that you can buy. They range from phonosolar 250 watt panels to 310 watt panels. The greater the wattage generally the higher the price and the higher the efficiency.
Lifespan The lifespan of lead-acid batteries varies greatly and is based on a number of factors. The first is the style of battery as discussed above; high power or high energy. The quality of the materials and manufacturing also plays part in the lifespan of a battery but ultimately the largest decider in a batteries lifespan is its use and maintenance. Heavily abused batteries in a car by people who don't know better won't last long while a larger, well maintained battery on a yacht can last twelve years.
Background Deep cycle lead acid batteries are the simplest as well as the oldest battery. It was actually invented back in the 19th century and you will most commonly see it used under the hood of cars and trucks, making it the 'bestselling batteries.'
A solar panel consists of two layers, one that is negatively charged and the other just below it that is positively charged. The negative panel contains phosphorus and silicon which combined have room for four more electrons in their atoms, creating a negative charged plate with loose electrons. When photons of light from the sun hit the panel the photons they knock off the extra electrons which are drawn through conductive wires to the positive panel made of silicon and boron with atoms that have an extra space for the rogue electron. The electrons are forced to move a certain direction due to the electric field of the panels. This flow of electrons constitutes current which is directed to a device for use or into batteries for storage.
Chemistry The lead and lead-oxide plates alternate throughout the layers inside the battery. The plates sit in a bath of sulfuric acid. A current flows from the led oxide cathode (positive plate) to the lead anode (negative plate) meaning that the lead gives up electrons which the lead oxide accepts. The exchange effectively turns both plates into solid lead sulfate. One pair of plates makes up about 2 volts so to make 12 volt battery used in a motorcycle 6 pairs of plates sit next to each other inside the battery to make up the 12 volts.
Many solar panel systems will store the electricity generated in a chemical battery. These batteries are generally deep-cycle batteries which can generate a low current while sustaining of the life of a battery. Car batteries on the other hand are shallow-current which can discharge a large amount of energy but for a short time. The batteries used are either lead-acid batteries (sealed or vented) and nickel-cadium batteries. There are a variety of batteries you can use that differ primarily in the amount of energy they can store. However, more energy usually comes with a higher price tag.
Although true efficiency rating depends greatly on location, this panel has been rated with a 17 percent efficiency rating. One of the reasons it does so well is the technology has made it possible to maximize the output earned in weak lighting situations; making it possible to get more energy from less favorable conditions.
Between your solar panels and battery you have a charge controller which prevents the batteries from being overcharged or drained too much helping to extend the life of your battery. Once the batteries are fully charged the controller will not allow any current from your panels to enter the battery and conversely if your battery is drained to a certain level the controller will not allow any more energy to leave.
The battery that you would use if you had Helios 255 watt panels on your roof for a solar energy system would be high energy so you can store more energy and release it slowly with use. More specifically you would use a deep-cycle battery which is designed to be regularly discharge for 50-80 percent of its capacity without destroying the battery.
Between all of these different parts there is a good amount of wiring. Along with mounting hardware, grounding equipment, and other accessories you have a full solar system. After it is installed the system is very low maintenance and will provide electricity for twenty years or more. There are a variety of different solar panels that you can buy. They range from phonosolar 250 watt panels to 310 watt panels. The greater the wattage generally the higher the price and the higher the efficiency.
Lifespan The lifespan of lead-acid batteries varies greatly and is based on a number of factors. The first is the style of battery as discussed above; high power or high energy. The quality of the materials and manufacturing also plays part in the lifespan of a battery but ultimately the largest decider in a batteries lifespan is its use and maintenance. Heavily abused batteries in a car by people who don't know better won't last long while a larger, well maintained battery on a yacht can last twelve years.
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